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The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) is a membership association of almost 10,000 professionals in the United States sponsoring conferences and providing professional services primarily to those who study the implementation of government policy, public administration, and, to a lesser degree, programs of civil society. Its annual conference is an important meeting for those interested in bureaucracy, civic engagement, program evaluation, public management and other public administration topics, such as budgeting and budget theory, government strategic planning, policy analysis, contract administration, personnel management, and related topics. The ASPA was founded in 1939, following growing concerns about the management of federal government and the report of the Brownlow Committee. ASPA sponsors the journal ''Public Administration Review'', Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, Public Budgeting and Finance, and other leading international journals related to its over 30 working membership sections (e.g., Section on Public Performance and Management, Section on Women in Public Administration, Section on the Environment and Natural Resources Administration, Section on Intergovernmental Management and Administration). ==History== ASPA was founded in 1939 by Louis Brownlow, William E. Mosher, Donald C. Stone, Charles A. Beard, Harold D. Smith, Luther Gulick, and others. During its early years ASPA was housed in the Public Administration Clearing House (PACH) in Chicago.〔〔〔 Significant events in ASPA's history include: * Sponsorship of ''Public Administration Review'' since 1939.〔〔 * After a developmental grant from the Ford Foundation in 1956, independence from PACH.〔〔〔 * A move of the headquarters to Washington, DC, in 1964.〔〔 * Establishment of the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA) as part of ASPA in 1967, and formal separation of NAPA from ASPA in 1970.〔〔 * Reformulation of ASPA's Council on Graduate Education for Public Administration to the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA) within ASPA in 1970, and formal separation of NASPAA from ASPA in 1975.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= NASPAA Milestones )〕 * In 1981, creation with NAPA of National Public Service Awards.〔 * A 50th Anniversary Conference in 1990.〔 * Approval of the ASPA Code of Ethics in 1994.〔 ASPA's membership declined from about 14,000 members in 1990 to 8,383 members in 2007.〔 However, during that period the Society took "steps to address its most serious issues: attracting and retaining members, dealing with structure and funding, developing a coherent mission, strengthening chapters and sections, sponsoring successful conferences, enhancing its publication offerings, and working effectively with other organizations concerned with public administration and public service."〔 ASPA membership was affected by the tendency of government to hire local governmental personnel, and the change from government provision of services to contracting to the private and non-profit sectors. However, the field of public administration is the sole academic field given the responsibility for areas ranging from government budgeting at the US budget levels, community development throughout all localities and states in the US, and personnel management of all US workforces, among others. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「American Society for Public Administration」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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